SS-31 (Elamipretide)

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide or Bendavia, is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide. It has been studied extensively for mitochondrial diseases, heart failure, and age-related decline in mitochondrial function.

Mechanism of Action

Concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it binds to cardiolipin, stabilizing electron transport chain function, reducing reactive oxygen species, and improving ATP production efficiency.

Typical Dosage (Research)

Clinical trials have used IV infusions of 0.25mg/kg for acute conditions. Subcutaneous dosing protocols for research use typically range from 1-5mg daily.

Can be administered IV or subcutaneously. Most clinical research has used IV administration for cardiac conditions.

Side Effects & Risks

Generally well-tolerated. Clinical trials reported injection site reactions and occasional headache.

Failed to meet primary endpoints in some heart failure trials. Long-term effects still being studied. Expensive for research use.

Who Uses SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Those with mitochondrial dysfunction, individuals seeking cellular energy optimization, longevity researchers.