ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) vs SS-31 (Elamipretide)
A detailed comparison to help you understand the differences and choose the right peptide for your research goals.
ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)
ANP is a cardiac hormone released by atrial myocytes in response to stretch. It promotes natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation, playing key roles in blood pressure and fluid regulation.
Full details →SS-31 (Elamipretide)
SS-31, also known as Elamipretide or Bendavia, is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide. It has been studied extensively for mitochondrial diseases, heart failure, and age-related decline in mitochondrial function.
Full details →Side-by-Side Comparison
| Aspect | ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) | SS-31 (Elamipretide) |
|---|---|---|
| Dose Range | 25 mcg–100 mcg | 20 mg–40 mg |
| Frequency | 1x daily | 1x daily |
| Cycle Length | 1–4 weeks | 4–12 weeks |
| Route | subcutaneous | subcutaneous |
| Mechanism | Binds to natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR-A) to activate guanylyl cyclase, producing cGMP. This leads to vasodilation, increased kidney filtration, and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. | Concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it binds to cardiolipin, stabilizing electron transport chain function, reducing reactive oxygen species, and improving ATP production efficiency. |
| Typical Dosage | Clinical use: Carperitide (recombinant ANP) used in Japan for acute heart failure at 0.1mcg/kg/min IV infusion. | Clinical trials have used IV infusions of 0.25mg/kg for acute conditions. Subcutaneous dosing protocols for research use typically range from 1-5mg daily. |
| Administration | Intravenous infusion only for clinical applications. Short half-life (~2 minutes) requires continuous administration. | Can be administered IV or subcutaneously. Most clinical research has used IV administration for cardiac conditions. |
| Side Effects | Hypotension (dose-limiting), headache, nausea, and potential arrhythmias at high doses. | Generally well-tolerated. Clinical trials reported injection site reactions and occasional headache. |
| Best For |
What They Have in Common
ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide), SS-31 (Elamipretide) are both commonly used for:
Key Differences
Unique to SS-31 (Elamipretide):
Which Has Stronger Evidence?
| Goal | ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) | SS-31 (Elamipretide) |
|---|---|---|
| Recovery & Healing | medium | medium |
Key Studies
ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)
- Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) modulates stress-induced autophagy in endothelial cells.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, 2025
- C-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)(4-23) attenuates renal fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone-acetate-salt hypertensive mice.
Experimental cell research, 2023
- Novel ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)-Based Therapy for Hypertension: The Promising Role of a Disease Mechanism Targeted Approach.
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2021
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
- Elamipretide: First Approval.
Drugs, 2026
- Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction With Elamipretide (SS-31) Improves Skeletal Muscle Performance in a HFpEF Rat Model.
Circulation. Heart failure, 2026
- Elamipretide (SS-31) and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Combination Therapy Targets TREM2 to Mitigate Post-ischemic Brain Injury in Mice.
Neurochemical research, 2026
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