LL-37 (Cathelicidin) vs P21

A detailed comparison to help you understand the differences and choose the right peptide for your research goals.

LL-37 (Cathelicidin)

LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. It plays crucial roles in innate immunity and has shown diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties.

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P21

P21 is a synthetic peptide derived from Cerebrolysin, specifically designed to mimic the neurotrophic effects of the parent compound. It promotes neurogenesis and has shown cognitive-enhancing properties in research.

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Side-by-Side Comparison

AspectLL-37 (Cathelicidin)P21
MechanismDisrupts bacterial membranes, neutralizes endotoxins, modulates immune cell function, and promotes wound healing. Has both direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects.Inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and activates CREB signaling pathway. This promotes BDNF expression, neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and synaptic plasticity.
Typical DosageResearch protocols vary widely. Typical ranges: 50-200mcg administered subcutaneously 2-3 times weekly. Some protocols use higher doses for acute infections.Research protocols typically use 1-5mg administered intranasally or subcutaneously. Often used in cycles of 2-4 weeks.
AdministrationSubcutaneous injection. Can cause significant injection site reactions. Often used in conjunction with other immune-supporting protocols.Can be administered intranasally for direct CNS access or subcutaneously. Best used cyclically rather than continuously.
Side EffectsInjection site pain and reactions are common. May cause flu-like symptoms, temporary fatigue, or immune activation responses.Limited data. Reported effects include mild headache, temporary brain fog during initial use, and fatigue.
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Key Differences

Unique to LL-37 (Cathelicidin):

Unique to P21:

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