Glucagon

FDA approved

Glucagon is a 29-amino acid pancreatic hormone used as an emergency treatment for severe low blood sugar. It is FDA approved as injectable kits, a ready-to-use auto-injector (Gvoke) and a nasal powder (Baqsimi), and is also used as a diagnostic aid in radiology.

At a glance

Where it acts: Hormones & metabolism
Regulatory status: FDA approvedApproved by the U.S. FDA for at least one medical use.

Mechanism of Action

Glucagon binds glucagon receptors in the liver, stimulating the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) and new glucose production (gluconeogenesis), which quickly raises blood sugar. It also relaxes smooth muscle in the gut, which is why it is used during some imaging studies.

Typical Dosage (Research)

Prescription-only medicine. Dosing is set by a physician according to the FDA-approved label and the condition being treated.

Side Effects & Risks

Nausea, vomiting, headache, and for the nasal form, nasal and eye irritation.

Contraindicated in pheochromocytoma and insulinoma. Less effective when liver glycogen is depleted (e.g. starvation, adrenal insufficiency). Rarely causes serious allergic reactions.

Who Uses Glucagon

People with diabetes at risk of severe hypoglycemia, and their caregivers; patients undergoing GI imaging.